Optic Nerve Blood Supply

Giant Cell Arteritis Giant cell arteritis is chronic inflammation of large and medium arteries of the head neck and upper body. The hypoxia-reoxygenation pattern from OSA may metabolically stress the autoregulatory vascular system to the optic nerve thus inducing vascular insufficiency.

Optic Nerve Anatomy Flashcards Anatomy Exam 3 The Nervous System Anatomy Flashcards Flashcards Anatomy

Ischemic optic neuropathy is classified based on where the cut-off blood flow comes from.

Optic nerve blood supply. Occasionally from the CILIORETINAL ARTERY ciliary derived vessel from prelaminar region SURFACE NERVE. C choroid CRA central retinal artery LC lamina cribrosa NFL surface nerve fiber layer of the disc ON optic nerve P pia PCA posterior ciliary artery PLR prelaminar region R retina RA retinal arteriole S sclera. The prelaminar region of the nerve head gets blood supply from the branches of the peripapillary choroid and some contributions from the vessels of the lamina cribrosa. The capillaries derived from the retinal arterioles supply the surface layer of the optic disc. As a result it gradually degrades and stops functioning properly. Furthermore the vascular endothelium of the optic nerve supplying vessels is likely damaged from oxidative stress due to a fluctuating metabolic state.

The central retinal artery gives throughout its length branches which in 85 of the cases supply the anterior segment of the optic nerve. When blood flow to the optic nerve is interrupted it doesnt receive the oxygen it needs. Melanocytoma with adjacent choroidal retinal components and mild yellow exudation. Blood Supply and Lymphatics. The circulation of the posterior ciliary artery is the main source of blood supply to the ONH except for the surface nerve fiber layer which is supplied by the retinal circulation. A normal optic nerve head ONH usually is round or oval mildly elevated and pink in color with a centralized depression known as the cup.

In essence the optic nerve is indirectly supplied by the ophthalmic branch of the internal carotid artery. The other minor source is the perineural plexus in the most. The horizontal diameter of a typical optic nerve is approximately 15mm. Seventeen open-angle glaucoma patients and nineteen ocular hypertension patients underwent therapeutic IOP reduction followed by a minimum of 4. The optic nerve is very sensitive to lack of blood flow. Any compromise to blood flow can result in permanent damage to the nerve.

These branches anastomose with collateral branches of the ophthalmic artery vessels of the pia mater and recurrent branches of the Zinn-Haller circle. The prelaminar ie inside the eye relative to the lamina cribosa optic nerve is supplied by collaterals from the choroid and retina circulations. Lymphatic drainage of the orbit of the eye is not yet well understood. You should have your son evaluated by a neuro-ophthalmologist an ophthalmologist that specializes in. The blood supply in the ONH is sectoral in nature which is the reason why there is the sectoral involvement of the ONH in its. 3 rows The main blood supply of the eye arises from the ophthalmic artery which gives off orbital and.

The contribute to form the peripheral periaxial and axial vascular meshwork of. Capillaries derived from RETINAL ARTERIOLES which anastomose with vessels of Prelaminar region. The major supply consists of peripapillary choroidal branches which are fed through the choroidal circulation by the short posterior ciliary arteries. The somatic and autonomic components of the oculomotor nerve have differentiated vascular supplies. In addition increased metabolic activity in these tissues proportionally increases blood flow metabolic autoregulation. The subject of the blood supply of the optic nerve head ONH is reviewed briefly.

There is some degree of variability in the blood supply of the optic nerve depending on the segment of the nerve being discussed. Optic neuropathy which can take the form of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy NAION damages the optic nerve as a result of a change in blood flow. 1Surface nerve fiber layer Intraocular part Blood supply of optic nerve Supplied by. The capillary blood supply to the anterior 2 to 3 mm of the optic nerve intrachorioscleral portion is derived exclusively from the ophthalmic artery through two sources. The laminar zone is supplied by branches from the short posterior ciliary and pial arteries. Blood flow to the retina and optic nerve remains constant over a range of elevated intraocular pressure or mean arterial pressure independent of sympathetic activation pressure autoregulation.

The paraoptic short posterior ciliary arteries are the principle blood supply to the optic nerve head and create a watershed zone where flow is determined by resistance within the vessels intraocular pressure and systemic blood pressure. Precapillary branches from cilioretinal arteries when present 41. Peripapillary arterioles of CRA origin ii. Schematic representation of blood supply of the optic nerve head Reproduced from Hayreh. In short it is damage to the optic. BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE OPTIC NERVE DR.

Within the orbit small vessels of the ophthalmic artery and its subdivisions the lacrimal supraorbital and ethmoidal arteries supply the lacrimal nerve frontal nerve and nasociliary nerve respectively Grigorowsky 1928 Leblanc 2000. To correlate finger blood flow and changes in optic nerve head ONH blood flow following therapeutic intraocular pressure IOP reduction in open-angle glaucoma OAG and ocular hypertension OHT. Epipapillary arterioles of CRA origin iii. The blood supply to the optic nerve is blocked due to inflammation of the arteries arteritis most notably giant cell arteritis. As the internal carotid artery emerges superiorly from the cavernous sinus the ophthalmic artery diverges and travels along. Rich anastomoses with prelaminar region iv.

Blood supply of the optic nerve 1. The retrobulbar optic nerve gets blood flow from pial plexus which comes from a cluster of other arteries. Occasional anastomoses with choriocapillaries v. So what is optic neuropathy. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators. BASIC ANATOMY OF THE OPTIC NERVE 3.

Diseases or injury causes harm to the head of the optic nerve leading to swelling of the optic disc. The vasa vasorum supplies the inner somatic voluntary nerve fibers while pia mater blood vessels supply the outer autonomic nerve fibers.

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